In: Stoytcheva M, Rijeka C (eds) Pesticides in the modern world – pesticides use and management. Ĭawoy H, Bettiol W, Fickers P, Ongena M (2011) Bacillus-based biological control of plant diseases. J Basic Microbiol 55(8):950–960Ĭasanova H, Carlos O, Carlos P, Alejandra V, María EM, Miguel A (2002) Insecticide formulations based on nicotine oleate stabilized by sodium caseinate. Asian J Androl 4:195–199Ĭao Y, Baoya T, Xinglai J, Shenghua S, Chaojun L, Keqin Z (2015) Associated bacteria of different life stages of Meloidogyne incognita using pyrosequencing-based analysis. J Mycol Pl Pathol 39(2):263–265īustos-Obregn E, Goicochea RI (2002) Pesticide soil contamination mainly affects earthworm male reproductive parameters. Biol Control 52:221–229īhat KA, Anwar A, Lone GM, Hussain K, Nazir G (2009) Shelf life of liquid fermented product of Trichoderma harzianum in Talc. The Haworth Press, Binghamton, NY, pp 431–473īailey KL, Boyetchko SM, Längle T (2010) Social and economic drivers shaping the future of biological control: a Canadian perspective on the factors affecting the development and use of microbial bio-pesticides. In: Singh HP, Batish DR, Kohli RK, Binghamton NY (eds) Handbook of sustainable weed management. īailey KL, Mupondwa EK (2006) Developing microbial weed control products: commercialization, biological, and technological considerations. Keywordsīagheri A, Emami N, Allahyari MS, Damalas CA (2018) Pesticide handling practices, health risks, and determinants of safety behavior among Iranian apple farmers. Application of bio-pesticides and natural biodegradable nano-pesticides is the key to success in chemical-free agricultural practices in future. Pyrethrin, neem extracts, essential oils, and alkaloids extracted from various plants show significant effects on pests which include repellency, feeding deterrence, negative impact on oviposition, growth inhibition, disruption during mating, chemo-sterilization, etc. Bio-pesticides formulated with microbes or plant extracts promote the growth of beneficial micro-organisms and control the targeted harmful pests. ![]() The stakeholders are now concentrating on alternatives to these chemically synthesized pesticides in the form of bio-pesticides, which is a marvelous innovation in the field of agriculture science. ![]() More requirement of organic and pesticide independent food ingredients is the prime driving force for innovative ideas formulating safer pesticides for agriculture practices. Farmers’ field knowledge for combating problems related to pests should also be given proper importance. Sustainable agricultural practices cannot be achieved only by scientific expertise. These products can be obtained only by good agricultural practices, followed by safe post-harvest processing techniques. Global demand is for safe, non-toxic, nutritious food products. Thus, chemicals used in these pesticides have direct as well as indirect implications on human health and environment. Their impact on the environment became visible when these started to contaminate and deteriorate the quality of soil, water, and other vegetation. The negative side of these chemically synthesized fertilizers and pesticides got the limelight when the chemical residues started to accumulate in the soil, water, and products. It favored the scenarios of agricultural production, and all seemed to rely on these aids in a very smooth manner. ![]() Usage of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and other aids had a significant role as a protagonist during the green revolution. Crop losses caused by various pathogens, i.e., bacteria, fungi, insects, weeds, etc., reduce agricultural productivity and cause economic loss to the country.
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